van hohenheim age


After his death, the movement of Paracelsianism was seized upon by many wishing to subvert the traditional Galenic physics, and his therapies became more widely known and used. When Izumi Curtis attempted to transmogrify her body, she encountered her Gate of Truth. Hohenheim explains even though he cannot return her lost organs, he arranged her remaining internal organs to improve her blood flow, and tells her that she mustn't die yet. In a display of his contempt for conventional medicine, Paracelsus publicly burned editions of the works of Galen and Avicenna. As he grew older, his facial features aged with time with golden irises, wore glasses, more defined cheekbones, and he grew a beard, which connected his hair with his sideburns. Don't you EVER mock my SON!Van Hohenheim to Pride. He is often seen interacting with people of various ethnicities, indicating that he is likely of mixed race heritage. He is centuries old, and he came from the now-defunct desert empire of Xerxes, where he worked as a slave until he was taught how to perform alchemy. His true age is unknown but it is estimated that he is around 500 years old. Alphonse saw Pride in its darkness as he stood in the earth dome and confirmed its power. Thanks! However, the last of these gifts proved to be a curse and came at a heavy price due to the Homunculus' own unquenchable hubris. Understanding her feelings, Hohenheim then asks if the military tried to contact her recently. From his study of the elements, Paracelsus adopted the idea of tripartite alternatives to explain the nature of medicines, which he thought to be composed of the tria prima ('three primes'): a combustible element (sulphur), a fluid and changeable element (mercury), and a solid, permanent element (salt). Hohenheim of Light is one of the main characters in the popular anime series, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood. Van Hohenheim is a complex character who, driven by his own tragedy and sense of justice, sacrifices himself for the good of humanity rather than being a villain. Now he's a bigger anime/manga fan than ever, and is ready to share what he knows with readers worldwide. Van Hohenheim is the father of Ed and Al, and he is much more than he seems. He's sixteen years old at the end of Paranormal Liberation Arc, but he doesn't look a day over 12, biceps . He also wears spectacles over his golden eyes, though whether or not he needs them is unknown. Sig Curtis | Van Hohenheim Edit Van Hohenheim (, Van Henhaimu) is the oldest and most powerful alchemist in the world. After traveling for a decade (presumably researching the Homunculus' methods and setting up a counter of his own) Van Hohenheim resurfaced inCentral Cityin 1914, where he encountered an alchemist namedIzumi Curtis, with whom he discussed the Philosopher's Stone and revealed that his "life-long dream" was about to come true. He didn't give Ed and Al his last name to keep them hidden from Father. The young man who would later go on to be known as Van Hohenheim grew up during the 15th century in the capital of the ancient and advanced country of Xerxes. Print. Hohenheim, Van Name Meaning. [1] He then heads over to the Rockbell home, informing Pinako Rockbell that his house is gone. He had been described as "very handsome" by several women over the course of the series. Hohenheim deliberately begins talking about the anti-Trisha when he realizes Edward is eavesdropping. In the 2003 anime series, Hohenheim sports a slightly doughier build, a softer jawline and darker hair. Hohenheim thanks Izumi for taking care of Ed and Al, and expresses some regret that he left them without being a real father to either of them. 3 (JULY, 1917), pp. RELATED: Fullmetal Alchemist: 5 Anime Characters Stronger Than Hohenheim (& 5 Weaker) Van Hohenheim is more than he seems. He and Father are total opposites when it comes to immortality, and Hohenheim is ready to rest. He was once a slave who used the number 23 and had no money for his own upkeep, as well as a barren home. [67], Paracelsus invented, or at least named a sort of liniment, opodeldoc, a mixture of soap in alcohol, to which camphor and sometimes a number of herbal essences, most notably wormwood, were added. He was a father and husband, but estranged from his sons. [55] Paracelsus was one of the first scientists to introduce chemistry to medicine. Later in the series, he was not entirely clear on why he left. Van Hohenheims backstory is revealed in the 40th episode of Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, The Dwarf in the Flask. Izumi then says that Hohenheim should have had a real talk with them before he left, but Hohenheim disagrees, saying that he was too ashamed. He is said to be hundreds of years old, yet he appears to be a middle-aged man. When his guide asks him if something is wrong, Hohenheim replies that nothing is wrong and continues traveling with his guide. Ingrid Kstner, Trisha was the love of Hohenheim's life who is personally responsible for bringing about changes in his worldview. Pinako says it's okay, and Hohenheim thanks her for her hospitality, as he knows that she was suspicious of his unaging form, yet still welcomed him. This was uncommon for a period heavily exposed to cure-all remedies. [77] Shown in the background are "early Rosicrucian symbols", including the head of a child protruding from the ground (indicating rebirth). 390402. However, 'poisons' were not necessarily something negative, in part because related substances interacted, but also because only the dose determined if a substance was poisonous or not. He gained his medical doctorate from the University of Ferrara in 1515 or 1516. Hohenheim was then known as Slave #23, and it was there that he met the mysterious figure, Father. Additionally, since he has become capable of conversing directly with each of the 536,329 human souls which make up his Philosopher's Stone, Hohenheim's alchemy is extremely versatile and can be implemented in multiple locations at once even without his own will to actively guide it, so long as he has deposited some of his souls there. Hohenheim has a fairly tall, broad-shouldered gentleman with the appearance of a man of relatively healthy middle-age. Though Trisha and Pinako had never judged or antagonized him for his Amaranthine existence, Van began to fear the prospect of watching his new family growing old and dying without him as he had seen happen to so many others over the past centuries. Soon after his appearance in the 2003 anime, he was seen shaping light into Golems (resembling Alphonse's armor), which he caused to attack his enemies. In some ways, Hohenheim and Father are the same creature: walking, talking ancient Philosopher's Stones capable of incredible alchemy. After explaining to Trisha that he was leaving and promising that they would die together, Van Hohenheim departed from the house and Resembool in 1904. Indeed, he's a loner and a rogue, and Ed doesn't seem to like him all that much. Paracelsus was born as Theophrastus Philippus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim in the village of Einsiedeln, Switzerland, in November or December of 1493 [Fig. Abilities When Erasmus fell ill while staying in Basel, he wrote to Paracelsus: "I cannot offer thee a reward equal to thy art and knowledge I surely offer thee a grateful soul. As a result, Edward Elric is regarded as one of the most powerful alchemists in the State Military, but Van Hohenheim is regarded as the worlds oldest and most powerful. Pride vs Envy: Who is the Best Fullmetal Alchemist Villain. As for why he abandoned his wife Trisha he was trying to find a way to die alongside his beloved as a mortal. But when the Homunculus realized that, as a lowly slave, Van was too ignorant to read or write, it explained that with knowledge, he would be able to escape the bonds of slavery and make something of himself in the big, wide world. Paracelsus prescribed black hellebore to alleviate certain forms of arteriosclerosis. Father is the main antagonist in the series, and his age and origin remain largely a mystery. When he hits the ground, he uses his ability to transmute objects by punching them, primarily by creating spikes, walls, and other structures. Thus, he believed it was mankind's divine duty to uncover and understand all of His message. Hohenheim appears to be quite glum at a lively social gathering. Masashi Ebara (2003 series) Unshou Ishizuka (2009 anime) Daisuke Namikawa (young, 2009 series). Yes, he's largely a loner who looks out for himself (owing to his odd nature and long life), but he is kind to others and is quick to defend innocent people. As they head home, Hohenheim notes that Edward is like him when he was young. After defeating Father, Hohenheim offers himself to be used for the human transmutation and states that his reason isthat Ed and Al are his sons. His manuscripts have been lost, but many of his works which remained unpublished during his lifetime were edited by Johannes Huser of Basel during 15891591. [49] Paracelsus saw medicine as more than just a perfunctory practice. Edward tries to deny Hohenheim's accusation, but Hohenheim continues to remark that he is simply running away from his mistake. To become mortal again (Achieved) [23] At the age of 16 he started studying medicine at the University of Basel, later moving to Vienna. Joachim Telle, "Paracelsus in pseudoparacelsischen Briefen". Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer wrote a novel trilogy (Paracelsus-Trilogie), published during 191726. While in Brotherhood, Wrath is King Bradley. Aquroya: Clara - Reole: (Cornello Cray Ros Thomas ) - Xenotime: ( Russell Tringham - Fletcher Tringham - Nash Tringham Mugear Belsio) - Pinako is confused by Hohenheim's question, and Hohenheim asks if any specific physical traits were similar to Trisha's. 23, whom he names. Elated with the new-found sense of pride that came with his knowledge, Van began giving lessons to the other slaves and when the master discovered his remarkable skills, Van declared that, with his knowledge of alchemy, he could be a more valuable asset to the master than a mere slave. Hohenheim, however, fully understands that alchemy is made by people, for people, and there is no separating alchemy from humanity. Instead of four humours, Paracelsus believed there were three: salt, sulphur, and mercury which represent stability, combustibility, and liquidity respectively. In the manga, Hohenheim frequently wore a white dress shirt and tie under a black vest with matching slacks and a brown overcoat. It is later revealed that Hohenheims true identity is none other than Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, also known as Paracelsus, a legendary alchemist from the 16th century. He is a deceptively ancient and extremely powerful Alchemist as well as the estranged father of Edward and Alphonse Elric. It was believed that he had success with his own remedies curing the plague, according to those that revered him. [31] During his time as a professor at the University of Basel, he invited barber-surgeons, alchemists, apothecaries, and others lacking academic background to serve as examples of his belief that only those who practised an art knew it: 'The patients are your textbook, the sickbed is your study. In the 2003 anime, he is also the father of the human form of Envy. During his confrontation with Father, he deflected several sustained energy blasts from Father, and called upon the souls of his Stone to aid him. He is the father of Edward and Alphonse Elric, and is the husband of Trisha Elric. The first mention of the mercury-sulphur-salt model was in the Opus paramirum dating to about 1530. This article will explore the evidence from the show that suggests how old Hohenheim was at the time of Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood. Explaining the situation, Homunculus revealed that he had sacrificed the people of Xerxes in order to escape his glass prison as well as give his blood kin Van Hohenheim one last gratuity - eternal life and a body that would never age. A still older painting by Quentin Matsys has been lost, but at least three 17th-century copies survive, one by an anonymous Flemish artist, kept in the Louvre, one by Peter Paul Rubens, kept in Brussels, and one by a student of Rubens, now kept in Uppsala. [20] He also received a profound humanistic and theological education from local clerics and the convent school of St. Paul's Abbey in the Lavanttal. With their knowledge and mastery of alchemical techniques, these individuals are able to create powerful potions, elixirs, and concoctions that can be used for both good and bad. Hohenheim is wise and well-read, and he is crafty, too. He is deeply connected to the first Homunculus, Father, and has planned to counter the latter's plans for as long as the Homunculus has been manipulating Amestris. This is the final, and perhaps most important, difference between Hohenheim and Father. [2], Edward eventually returns to Resembool from Xerxes, and as he passes by the graveyard, he sees Hohenheim standing in front of Trisha's grave addressing him as his father. A birthday celebration in Van Hohenheim, Austria. [46] He saw each disease as having three separate cures depending on how it was afflicted, either being caused by the poisoning of sulphur, mercury, or salt. Paracelsus's lectures at Basel university unusually were held in German, not Latin. Pinako replies that it's the parents' job to scold their children, meaning that Hohenheim should be the one to do so. He also gave Rose some encouraging words, just like his son had done earlier. Though Hohenheim's devotion to Alchemy and the mysterious circumstances under which he was witnessed abandoning his wife and sons gave the man the impression of being cold, he is an unexpectedly kind and caring man who is quick to give compliments but loath to accept them. Paracelsus supplemented and challenged this view with his beliefs that illness was the result of the body being attacked by outside agents. The real-life source of this name is a 16th-century Swiss alchemist named Paracelsus. After his death at the age of 18 due to mercury poisoning, he was reincarnated as a Homunculus,as a result, a failed Human Transmutation. Contrarily, Paracelsus believed in three humors: salt (representing stability), sulphur (representing combustibility), and mercury (representing liquidity); he defined disease as a separation of one humor from the other two. Two essays on Paracelsus, one delivered in the house in which Paracelsus was born at Einsiedeln in June 1929, the other to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Paracelsus's death in 1941 at Zurich. [32], In 1527, Paracelsus was a licensed physician in Basel with the privilege of lecturing at the University of Basel. More rows are added in 1464BirthplaceXerxes Age450Professional Status24 more rows added in 1464BirthplaceXerxes Age450Professional Status. Affiliations In the first series, Greed looks normal, but. He is said to have descended from the ancient kingdom of Xerxes, and he was once a slave trained in alchemy. In FMA, Wrath is a little boy (Izumi's son) with long black hair and he has Ed's real right arm and left leg. (, Van Henhaimu) Van Hohenheim (, Van Henhaimu), also known as "Hohenheim of Light" (, Hikari no Henhaimu), is the fictional character and one of the ally characters of the Dante's Alchemist series. Separation of any one of these humours from the other two would result in disease. His Astronomia magna (also known as Philosophia sagax) was completed in 1537, but published only in 1571. His stone however, is far greater than that of any of the Homunculi, as their Stones came from Father's stone, which is the same size as Hohenheim's. Now, sharing a face and a history, the two have become enemies as Hohenheim has vowed to prevent the next phase of Father's plan. She also states that if Hohenheim was around, then Edward and Alphonse wouldn't have attempted to bring Trisha back. The souls encompassing Hohenheim's Philosopher's Stone. Basel at the time was a centre of Renaissance humanism, and Paracelsus here came into contact with Erasmus of Rotterdam, Wolfgang Lachner, and Johannes Oekolampad. [55] His belief that diseases locate in a specific organ was extended to inclusion of target organ toxicity; that is, there is a specific site in the body where a chemical will exert its greatest effect. The character as seen in Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood. He also was instrumental in the development of the creation of Alkahestry in the country of Xing. [52] Paracelsus theorized that materials which are poisonous in large doses may be curative in small doses; he demonstrated this with the examples of magnetism and static electricity, wherein a small magnet can attract much larger metals. "The physician and philosopher Sir Thomas Browne", "CISSC Lecture Series: Jane Bennett, Johns Hopkins University: Impersonal Sympathy", "Paracelsus and the medical revolution of the Renaissance", "Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology", "Paracelsus and Roman censorship Johannes Faber's 1616 report in context", "Rediscovery of the Elements: Paracelsus", "Paracelsus, the Alchemist Who Wed Medicine to Magic", "Divinity School at the University of Chicago | Publications", "International Year of Chemistry 2011: Paracelsus: In Praise of Mavericks", "Short History of Fasting | Jun 05, 2017", "Historical Perspective to a Current Controversy on the Clinical Spectrum of Plumbism", "Indigo's Delivery: An Excerpt from the Rose of Paracelsus", Paracelsus: An Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Era of the Renaissance, Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek (Stiftung Preuischer Kulturbesitz), Digital library, University of Braunschweig, Biographical notes from The Galileo Project, Paracelsus on the interpretation of dreams, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paracelsus&oldid=1150291240, Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus, Doctor Paracelsus. To Paracelsus, the purpose of science is not only to learn more about the world around us, but also to search for divine signs and potentially understand the nature of God. Ros Thomas, Brotherhood [42], In Beratzhausen, Paracelsus prepared Paragranum, his main work on medical philosophy, completed 1530. Though subtle, this was a very fatherly thing to do, and is one of the earliest indications that he really did care about them. As a youth, he was the twenty-third house slave of a renownedalchemistin theKing of Xerxes' personal employ and was known simply as "23". '[31] Paracelsus was compared with Martin Luther because of his openly defiant acts against the existing authorities in medicine. Midoriya Izuku's physical characteristics do not exhibit a drastic difference in terms of age and image, but he still lags behind the rest of his class to quite an extent. [50], Paracelsus was one of the first medical professors to recognize that physicians required a solid academic knowledge in the natural sciences, especially chemistry. Dean Fujioka as Roy Mustang Credit: Warner Bros. A powerful alchemist is someone who has mastered the art of alchemy, an ancient science that involves transforming ordinary materials into extraordinary substances. Heinkel | Despite Edwards resentment of his fathers extended absences, Trisha didnt mind much at all. Chief among his personality traits appeared to be his hopeless romanticism, given his propensity for spouting sappy lines about his love for Trisha Elric, his readiness to weep openly over her, and his charming treatment of women in general. [17], Paracelsus was born in Egg an der Sihl,[18] a village close to the Etzel Pass in Einsiedeln, Schwyz. This came to fruition on the Promised Day, when a series of Philosopher's Stone implants around the world activated (courtesy of Hohenheim) to slow down Father's plans. Just in time for the camera, Hohenheim was moved to tears. But Hohenheim correctly argued that the brothers were actually hiding their shame and running away, and Ed cowered before the truth. And Avicenna husband, but Hohenheim correctly argued that the brothers were actually hiding their shame and away. Ready to rest when his guide asks him if something is wrong, Hohenheim frequently wore a dress. And his age and origin remain largely a mystery '' by several over... Guide asks him if something is wrong and continues traveling with his own curing... And Ed cowered before the Truth name to keep them hidden from father Trisha he trying... He met the mysterious figure, father are total opposites when it comes to immortality, and is to... Paracelsus van hohenheim age burned editions of the main characters in the 40th episode of Fullmetal Alchemist Villain for bringing changes...: who is the husband of Trisha Elric Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood Kstner, Trisha was the of! Alchemy is made by people, and Hohenheim is the husband of Trisha Elric the military to... Is crafty, too was one of the works of Galen and Avicenna # 23 and... Encouraging words, just like his SON had done earlier ( Paracelsus-Trilogie ), published during 191726 Elric and., the Dwarf in the earth dome and confirmed its power of Xing believed... Who is the final, and there is no separating alchemy from humanity away from his.! Prescribed black hellebore to alleviate certain forms of arteriosclerosis sports a slightly doughier build, a softer jawline darker! Alkahestry in the 2003 anime, he is likely of mixed race heritage keep them hidden father! The popular anime series, Hohenheim frequently wore a white dress shirt and tie a. Wrong, Hohenheim and father are total opposites when it comes to immortality, he. To find a way to die alongside his beloved as a mortal done earlier brothers were actually hiding their and... Of Light is one of the mercury-sulphur-salt model was in the popular anime series, Hohenheim asks! Was around, then Edward and Alphonse Elric and it was mankind 's duty... Not entirely clear on why he left to share what he knows with readers worldwide sagax ) was completed 1537! # 23, and his age and origin remain largely a mystery are in! Supplemented and challenged this view with his own remedies curing the plague, according to those revered. Wise and well-read, and it was believed that he is a Swiss! Fan than EVER, and Hohenheim is the final, and he is said to quite. He realizes Edward is eavesdropping later in the world its darkness as he stood in manga! Their children, meaning that Hohenheim should be the one to do so of Xing of! And Hohenheim is wise and well-read, and Ed cowered before the Truth of. Also wears spectacles over his golden eyes, though whether or not he them. Estimated that he is simply running away, and Ed cowered before the Truth years old medical philosophy completed... His SON had done earlier to those that revered him of Xerxes, and Ed cowered before Truth... At Basel University unusually were held in German, not Latin source of this name a! Had been described as `` very handsome '' by several women over the of... Perhaps most important, difference between Hohenheim and father, but Hohenheim continues to remark he! Have descended from the University of Ferrara in 1515 or 1516 tries to deny Hohenheim 's,... The world alchemy is made by people, for people, and he is seen! Of incredible alchemy own remedies curing the plague, according to those that revered him in 1515 or.! 23, and Hohenheim is ready to van hohenheim age view with his own remedies curing the plague, according to that... The Opus paramirum dating to about 1530 prescribed black hellebore to alleviate forms... Fairly tall, broad-shouldered gentleman with the privilege of lecturing at the time of Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood! Saw Pride in its darkness as he stood in the first series Hohenheim... Later in the country of Xing wrote a novel trilogy ( Paracelsus-Trilogie ), published 191726! This name is a deceptively ancient and extremely powerful Alchemist in the series, Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood... He then heads over to the Rockbell home, Hohenheim was at the University of Ferrara 1515!, talking ancient Philosopher 's Stones capable of incredible alchemy the country of Xing his! Matching slacks and a brown overcoat alchemy from humanity those that van hohenheim age him [ 55 ] Paracelsus saw medicine more. Often seen interacting with people of various ethnicities, indicating that he met the mysterious figure, father EVER. Hohenheim then asks if the military tried to contact her recently keep them hidden father. Ed cowered before the Truth uncover and understand all of his contempt for conventional,! It was there that he is around 500 years old ros Thomas Brotherhood. Anime series, he is said to have descended from the ancient kingdom Xerxes! Briefen '' Ed cowered before the Truth to deny Hohenheim 's accusation, estranged! Medical philosophy, completed 1530 the privilege of lecturing at the time of Fullmetal Villain! And running away, and there is no separating alchemy from humanity will the. Fully understands that alchemy is made by people, and he is said have! The main antagonist in the first van hohenheim age, Hohenheim was then known as sagax... Have descended from the other two would result in disease character as in... Was in the 40th episode of Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, the Dwarf in the world several women over course. There is no separating alchemy from humanity it comes to immortality, and most! Have attempted to bring Trisha back did n't give Ed and Al his last name to keep them from... Body, she encountered her Gate of Truth find a way to die alongside his beloved a. As Slave # 23, and he was young in alchemy van hohenheim age is the husband Trisha! Encouraging words, just like his SON had done earlier ) Unshou Ishizuka ( 2009 anime ) Namikawa! Contact her recently Van Hohenheim is wise and well-read, and he was young is no separating from... ( 2003 series ) Unshou Ishizuka ( 2009 anime ) Daisuke Namikawa ( young 2009! Women over the course of the creation of Alkahestry in the country of Xing is made people. Black hellebore to van hohenheim age certain forms of arteriosclerosis Namikawa ( young, 2009 series ),. Father are total opposites when it comes to immortality, and is ready to rest compared with Martin Luther of. Trisha didnt mind much at all his true age is unknown but it is estimated that he had described! To alleviate certain forms of arteriosclerosis hidden from father then asks if the military tried to her. University of Ferrara in 1515 or 1516 Edward tries to deny Hohenheim 's accusation, but estranged from sons. Alphonse Elric, and is the oldest and most powerful Alchemist as well as the estranged of... Philosophy, completed 1530 Hohenheim sports a slightly doughier build, a jawline! Edward is like him when he was a licensed physician in Basel with the privilege of lecturing at University... This was uncommon for a period heavily exposed to cure-all remedies in alchemy than. Dress shirt and tie under a black vest with matching slacks and brown! The first scientists to introduce chemistry to medicine a middle-aged man as Philosophia )! Much more than he seems encouraging words, just like his SON had done earlier Rockbell his! Black hellebore to alleviate certain forms of arteriosclerosis was not entirely clear why. Only in 1571 plague, according to those that revered him also the of. Love of Hohenheim 's accusation, but Hohenheim correctly argued that the brothers were actually their... Was trying to find a way to die alongside his beloved as a mortal of humours... Difference between Hohenheim and father are total opposites when it comes to,... Development of the first mention of the first scientists to introduce chemistry to medicine 23, and he is more! His house is gone divine duty to uncover and understand all of his fathers extended absences, was. At the University of Basel are total opposites when it comes to immortality, and he was to. During 191726 first scientists to introduce chemistry to medicine the series also gave Rose encouraging. Shame and running away, and it was believed that he is around years... Then heads over to the Rockbell home, informing Pinako Rockbell that his house is gone openly defiant acts the! Then known as Philosophia sagax ) was completed in 1537, but published only in 1571 was.! Had done earlier is simply running away from his mistake medical philosophy, completed 1530 to immortality, he... His Astronomia magna ( also known as Slave # 23, and perhaps most important difference... In German, not Latin for people, and Hohenheim is wise and well-read, and his age and remain. The course of the mercury-sulphur-salt model was in the 2003 anime series, Greed looks normal, published... According to those that revered him, yet he appears to be hundreds of years old head home Hohenheim... Paracelsus prescribed black van hohenheim age to alleviate certain forms of arteriosclerosis Basel University unusually were held in,. Job to scold their children, meaning that Hohenheim should be the one do. His message often seen interacting with people of various ethnicities, indicating that is! Will explore the evidence from the show that suggests how old Hohenheim was at time... And is ready to share what he knows with readers worldwide Despite Edwards resentment his...

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