. Thus, Lodge became the main leader of the U.S. isolationists. During Roosevelts presidency, Lodge had acted as his friends foreign policy point man and spokesman on Capitol Hill. Lawrence Collection (Library of Congress). But it is well to remember that we are dealing with nations every one of which has a direct individual interest to serve, and there is grave danger in an unshared idealism. 2. Lodge had also resented Wilsons initial linkage of the league idea with his effort at mediation of World War I in December 1916 and his call for a peace without victory a non-punitive compromise settlement in January 1917. Henry Cabot Lodge: Speech Opposing the League of Nations (1919) Log in to see the full document and commentary. / Post equitem sedet atra cura, Horace tells us, but no blacker care ever sat behind any rider than we shall find in this covenant of doubtful and disputed interpretation as it now perches upon the treaty of peace. Let us at least be real. Dr. Cooper is a professor emeritus of history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Our ideal of the future is that she should continue to render that service of her own free will. A painting of US Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, a Republican who was the Senate Majority Leader and opposed America's entry into the League of Nations, via the Liberty Fund Network Getting the Senate to ratify, or formally accept by majority, the Treaty of Versailles would be a difficult task. LAC nsk 2019-09-04 update (1 card), Ford, Worthington Chauncey - Library of Congress. United States the Supreme Court ruled. I feel that I can say this without being accused of undue boastfulness, for it is the simple fact, and in making this treaty and taking on these obligations all that we do is in a spirit of unselfishness and in a desire for the good of mankind. ", Nation's Forum Collection (Library of Congress) - Lodge, Henry Cabot - A.F.R. Strong, generous, and confident, she has nobly served mankind. However, it is also possible that Lodge changed his position for political purposes. Our ideal is to make her ever stronger and better and finer, because in that way alone, as we believe, can she be of the greatest service to the worlds peace and to the welfare of mankind. One of the chief opponents of the Versailles Treaty was Senator Henry Cabot Lodge (R. The Council of Four at the Paris Peace Conference, including British Prime Minister David Lloyd . should investigate every proposal with the utmost thoroughness," Lodge's address was a painstaking critique of the League's constitution. Our entry in the great war just closed was entirely in accord with and violated in no respect the policy laid down by Washington. One of the chief opponents of the Versailles Treaty was Senator Henry Cabot Lodge (R. Lodge, Henry Cabot. --Note to 2d edition. United States--Politics and government--1865-1933. The Patriot Post and Patriot Foundation Trust, in keeping with our Military Mission of Service, are proud sponsors of the National Medal of Honor Heritage Center, the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, Folds of Honor, Honoring the Sacrifice, Warrior Freedom Service Dogs, Officer Christian Fellowship, the Air University Foundation, the Naval War College Foundation, and the Naval Aviation Museum Foundation. Everybody hates war. The principles of the Farewell Address in regard to our foreign relations have been sustained and acted upon by the American people. Lodge honored the president's request that the committee refrain from public comment on the matter and was outraged to learn that Wilson intended to deliver a public address in Boston to muster public support for the League immediately upon his arrival. This suggests that party considerations were important in the debate over the Treaty of Versailles and supports the idea that Lodge may have changed his positions for political reasons. We abandon entirely by the proposed constitution the policy laid down by Washington in his Farewell Address and the Monroe doctrine. Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Henry Cabot Lodge, Senate speech opposing the League of Nations, February 28, 1919. Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 - November 9, 1924) . The establishment of the League of Nations. There are certainly many doubtful passages and open questions obvious in the articles which can not be settled by individual inference, but which must be made so clear and so distinct that we may all understand the exact meaning of the instrument to which we are asked to set our hands. I will go as far as anyone in world service, but the first step to world service is the maintenance of the United States. Long after Congress agreed to a joint resolution declaring the end of the First World War in July 1921, politicians and scholars have asked whether, by joining and supporting the League of Nations, the United States could have prevented the outbreak of the Second World War. But isolationism was certainly in the air, especially under Herbert Hoover, who took office in 1929. (Sourcing) To what extent is Lodge's speech reliable evidence of the reasons why Senators opposed the Treaty of Versailles in 1919? 1. Internationalism, illustrated by the Bolshevik and by the men to whom all countries are alike provided they can make money out of them, is to me repulsive. The best years of his political life had started in the 1890s, when he and his best friend, Theodore Roosevelt, had agitated and conspired for war with Spain and for that momentous break with isolation, the acquisition of the Philippines. To whatever instrument the United States sets its hand it must carry out the provisions of that instrument to the last jot and tittle, and observe it absolutely both in letter and in spirit. Borah's address moved Henry Cabot Lodge to tears. Long after Congress agreed to a joint resolution declaring the end of the First . Yep, throughout the history of the Em, And to think of all that time and energy wasted by, "..even the alleged 'islamophobia' in Aladdin." He succeeded in adding fourteen reservations to the treaty. https://udayton.edu, Pope Francis makes an interesting point. Senator from Massachusetts, stating his case against President Wilson's League of Nations. Lodges reservation, as an amendment to the treaty, would require majority approval in both houses of Congress to authorize participation in any collective response by the league. The United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good and endanger her very existence. I will go as far as anyone in world service, but the first step to world service is the maintenance of the United States. Twelve years after the senior Lodges death, his namesake grandson, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., whom he had helped to raise from childhood, likewise filled a Senate seat from Massachusetts. He explained this position in an August 1919 speech in Washington: The independence of the United States is not only more precious to ourselves but to the world Look at the United States today. He remained at Harvard for the next three years as instructor in American history and retained an active interest in this field throughout his life, editing scholarly journals and writing or editing works on major figures and events in the nations history. (Contextualization, Corroboration) What might Document C and Document D both suggest about why some Senators opposed the Treaty of Versailles. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. We have made mistakes in the past. [Pdf] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/09031456/. He also took the lead in persuading Dwight Eisenhower to run for their partys 1952 presidential nomination because he and other establishment Republicans recoiled from what they decried as the isolationism of the other main contender, Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio who was, ironically, the son of Wilsons strongest Republican supporter in the League of Nations fight. The president, gravely ill after an exhausting tour to promote the League precipitated a crippling stroke, refused to compromise. page 202 note 1. Look at the United States today. Wilson refused to accept the Lodge reservations, feeling that they would destroy the basic intent of the League. The White House, at the direction of his wife, Edith, issued misleading reports that the president was suffering from nervous exhaustion and would soon recover. . 1. We are left to infer that any nation withdrawing from the league exposes itself to penalties and probably to war. Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Henry Cabot Lodge, Senate speech opposing the League of Nations, February 28, 1919. all frenzy spell locations elden ring; Features. The Monroe doctrine exists solely for the protection of the American Hemisphere, and to that hemisphere it was limited. 4, 1905, TR is inaugurated in Washington, D.C. with much celebration and fanfare. How anyone can say this passes my comprehension. He was thus in a position to mastermind the strategy of opposition to adoption of the Treaty of Versailles, including the League of Nations covenant. He died. On February 28, 1919, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts began an assault on President Woodrow Wilson's proposal to establish a League of Nations that ultimately culminated in the Senate's rejection of the Treaty of Versailles. We hear much of visions and I trust we shall continue to have visions and dream dreams of a fairer future for the race. Lodge, Henry Cabot. These questions and doubts must be answered and removed by the instrument itself. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. . Lodge, Henry Cabot, "League of Nations," 1919. All rights reserved. President Wilson first countered by meeting with individual senators, and then by subjecting himself to a grilling by the Foreign Relations Committee, which he invited to the White House. He had served a quarter century in the Senate when he became the Republican floor leader and chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee after the Democrats lost control of the body in 1918. Now, in the twinkling of an eye, while passion and emotion reign, the Washington policy is to be entirely laid aside and we are to enter upon a permanent and indissoluble alliance. We were jubilant, she recalled later, too elated to mind the reservationists. Our mission and operation budgets are not financed by any political or special interest groups, and to protect our editorial integrity, we accept no advertising. It is to be remembered that if there is any dispute about the terms of this constitution there is no court provided that I can find to pass upon differences of opinion as to the terms of the constitution itself. Lodge deeply disliked Wilson personally, and he was partisan enough to attack a policy simply because it came from the other party. Even when he began to reject Wilsons vision of internationalism, Lodge protested that he had no superstitious regard for George Washingtons and Thomas Jeffersons bans on permanent and entangling alliances. Republican Congressman from Massachusetts Henry Cabot Lodge led a battle against the treaty. They should also see that a senator might not be completely honest in a public speech, especially if their true motivations would be unpopular with voters. They pass with the moment of effect and are shabby and tawdry in the daylight. Since several of them, such as William E. Borah of Idaho and Hiram Johnson of California, were notorious for their insurgency, this was no idle threat. League of Nations; Summary Speech by Henry Cabot Lodge, U.S. We recommend installing the latest version of Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, or Google Chrome. "This new edition contains selections from speeches delivered since 1892." For we, too, have our ideals, even if we differ from those who have tried to establish a monopoly of idealism. Reprinted from Robert C. Byrd, The Senate, 1789-1989: Classic Speeches, 1830-1993 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1994.). How was this position supported or contradicted by the rationale for America's involvement in World War I? I have loved but one flag and I cannot share that devotion and give affection to the mongrel banner invented for a league. We have made mistakes in the past. Lodge, Henry Cabot, War Addresses 1915-1917 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1917), p. 42. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The final draft addressed many of the concerns that Lodge had raised in his February 28 address, but the Massachusetts Republican was implacable. We shall make mistakes in the future and fall short of our own best hopes. Instructors: CLICK HERE to request a free trial account (only available to college instructors) Primary Source Readers. Here is a speech he gave in the Senate on August 12, 1919 in which he summarized his opposition: The independence of the United States is not only more precious to ourselves but to the world than any single possession. The opinion I have expressed is the opinion of the world. That was the opinion of mankind then, and it is the opinion of mankind to-day, when his statue has been erected in Paris and is about to be erected in London. Here is a speech he gave in the Senate on August 12, 1919 in which he summarized his opposition: Mr. President: It seems to have been very hastily drafted, and the result is crudeness and looseness of expression, unintentional, I hope. We are a rock-solid conservative touchstone for the expanding ranks of grassroots Americans Patriots from all walks of life. beauty pie dupes More about Copyright and other Restrictions. In an August 1919 speech Lodge summarized his objections. Privacy Policy | Updates? Courtesy of Library of Congress, 2022 Iowa Department of Cultural Affairs. Wed like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Our ideal is to make her ever stronger and better and finer, because in that way alone, as we believe, can she be of the greatest service to the world's peace and to the welfare of mankind. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available! He began with the impassioned argument that the document repudiated George Washington's September 17, 1796, Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine, two sacred canons of American foreign policy. All Rights Reserved. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as Lodge offered to support it only if substantial revisions were made in its key provisions, especially Article X, which in his view transferred from the Senate to the League of Nations the authority to wage war. ", In 1919, Lodge was at the height of a long and distinguished career. The Republicans under Harding and his successor, Calvin Coolidge, are often depicted in history books as isolationists, but thats not quite right. Lodge died in November 1924, nine months after Wilson and five days after Coolidges election victory. But none the less is there any country today on the face of the earth which can compare with this in ordered liberty, in peace, and in the largest freedom? (Close Reading) What is Lodge's argument in Document B. Weeks. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come as in the years that have gone. www.senate.gov, rose in the Senate to deliver the opening salvo, George Washington's September 17, 1796, Farewell Address. FAQ The landslide election of Republican Warren G. Harding in 1920 was considered a vindication of the Lodge position, and with enhanced prestige he went on to serve as one of four U.S. delegates to the Washington Conference on the Limitation of Armaments (1921). Enforced Peace: Proceedings of the First Annual National Assemblage of the League to Enforce Peace, Washington, 26-27 05 1916 (New York: League to Enforce Peace, 1916), p. 165. Contrast the United States with any country on the face of the earth today and ask yourself whether the situation of the United States is not the best to be found. Possessed of an "ardent, somewhat effervescent temperament," he argued his nationalist sentiments with forceful conviction. Still, those reservations were enough to deadlock debate on the treaty, blocking Senate approval. Lodge was equally concerned that the draft seemed to give the League jurisdiction over immigration matters. BOOK A SPEECH; CLIPS FOR SCHOOLROOMS; ACADEMICAL TECHNOLOGY. I doubt if any purely political declaration has ever been observed by any people for so long a time. Oddly, the partys de facto guest of honor was the Senates reservationist in chief, Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, the Republican leader and chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. Henry Cabot Lodge, (born May 12, 1850, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.died November 9, 1924, Cambridge, Massachusetts), Republican U.S. senator for more than 31 years (18931924); he led the successful congressional opposition to his countrys participation in the League of Nations following World War I. Our first ideal is our country, and we see her in the future, as in the past, giving service to all her people and to the world. Lodge later viewed the peace settlement as too soft on Germany, and he had disliked the way the president had resisted the harsher terms that the British and French wanted to impose. The Patriot Post does not support Internet Explorer. Statutory and legal language must assert and command, not argue and describe. Anyone can read what you share. Wilson departed for the January 1919 Versailles peace conference without seeking the advice of senators from either party; once there, he insisted that his proposals for a League of Nations be incorporated into the peace settlement. The United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good and endanger her very existence. I have loved but one flag and I cannot share that devotion and give affection to the mongrel banner invented for a league. In this speech, Republican Majority Leader and Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations Henry Cabot Lodge speaks to the Senate about US sovereignty and the need for the nation to be cautious about Wilson's proposed League of Nations. Transcript of Henry Cabot Lodge's "League of Nations" Speech, Lodge, Henry Cabot, "League of Nations," 1919. Wilsons health broke down two-thirds of the way through the tour, and he was rushed back to the White House, where he suffered a stroke that left him paralyzed on his left side. The Treaty would be a major change in American foreign policy, including a departure from the principles of Washington's Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine. We have made mistakes in the past. The Patriot Post is protected speech, as enumerated in the First Amendment and enforced by the Second Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, in accordance with the endowed and unalienable Rights of All Mankind. Hewes, James E. Jr. (August 20, 1970). It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.The main organization ceased operations on 20 April 1946 but many of its components were relocated into the new . The unknown story behind Henry Cabot Lodge's campaign against the League of Nations. We all respect and share these aspirations and desires, but some of us see no hope, but rather defeat, for them in this murky covenant. Mr. President, all people, men and women alike, who are capable of connected thought abhor war and desire nothing so much as to make secure the future peace of the world. . That is the vital principle of the doctrine. Beware how you trifle with your marvelous inheritance, this great land of ordered liberty, for if we stumble and fall freedom and civilization everywhere will go down in ruin. Are ideals confined to this deformed experiment upon a noble purpose, tainted, as it is, with bargains and tied to a peace treaty which might have been disposed of long ago to the great benefit of the world if it had not been compelled to carry this rider on its back? Please help us continue to extend Liberty to the next generation and support the 2023 Patriots' Day Campaign today. 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