Ghettos were areas of cities or towns where German occupiers forced Jews to live in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions. trains were freight cars; in other instances they were passenger cars. The first group targeted by the Nazi regime consisted of political opponents. We strive for accuracy and fairness. of Jews property, personal belongings, and valuables was a key part of the Holocaust. The two largest were located in the occupied Polish cities of Warsaw and Lodz (d). As discrimination against Jews increased, German law required a legal definition of a Jew and an Aryan. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Introduction to the Holocaust. In the years immediately after World War II, Yiddish-speaking Jews and survivors of Nazi persecution called the murder of the Jews the urban (Destruction), the same word used to denote the destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem by the Babylonians in 586 BCE and the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 CE. Appellplatz:German word for roll call square where prisoners were forced to assemble. Perpetrators would use these vans to suffocate victims with carbon monoxide exhaust. These sites included Fort IX in Kovno (Kaunas), the Rumbula and Bikernieki Forests in Riga, and Maly Trostenets near Minsk. Attempts to document life in the ghettos, such as the Oneg Shabbat archive and clandestine photography, are powerful examples of spiritual resistance. Before World War II began, hundreds of thousands of Jews emigrated from Nazi Germany despite significant immigration barriers. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'holocaust.' TTY: 202.488.0406. But I'm going to guess that it's a term leveled most likely at Israel and Israelis when it is perceived, accurately or otherwise (likely the latter, as Holocaust denial, antisemitism and Jew-baiting go hand in hand), that the government or an individual or individ. After World War I the Allies denied Germany colonies in Africa, so Hitler sought to expand German territory and secure food and resourcesscarce during World War Iin Europe itself. A smaller number of Jews survived inside German-controlled Europe. The Nazis targeted Jews because the Nazis were radically antisemitic. However, they quickly began using the government to target and exclude Jews from German society. Antisemitism:hostility toward or hatred of Jews as a religious or ethnic group, often accompanied by social, economic, or political discrimination. But liberation did not bring closure. Responding with alarm to Hitlers rise, the Jewish community sought to defend their rights as Germans. It also created puppet states in Slovakia and Croatia. Other Nazi leaders were the ones who directly coordinated, planned, and implemented the mass murder. They considered Germans to be members of the supposedly superior Aryan race. A week later the Nazis dismissed Jews from the civil service, and by the end of the month the participation of Jews in German schools was restricted by a quota. Typically, these units would enter a town and round up the Jewish civilians. The Allies fought only the World War. Rescue efforts ranged from the isolated actions of individuals to organized networks, both small and large. Who was responsible for carrying out the Holocaust and the Final Solution? It is a long, loose sleeveless outer garment of fine silk.Burnoose is a hooded cloak.The headscarf is known as a "hijab", while the cloak is known as an "abaya", there is no 'jews holocaust' look for the dates of the The Nazi German regime implemented this genocide between 1941 and 1945. Once the war began, the SS and its police affiliates became especially deadly. Take care of your brother.". Answer (1 of 3): Never heard it. These included men accused of homosexuality, persons accused of being professional or habitual criminals, and so-called asocials (such as people identified as vagabonds, beggars, prostitutes, pimps, and alcoholics). They often had to stand, sometimes for days, until the train reached its destination. Nazi prejudice against Jews drew upon all of these elements, but especially racial antisemitism. cloak verb [ T ] us / klok / cloak verb [T] (HIDE) There were two main methods of killing. This word was chosen because in the ultimate manifestation of the Nazi killing programthe extermination campsthe bodies of the victims were consumed whole in crematoria and open fires. In this context, allies refers to Axis countries officially allied with Nazi Germany. "Choose freedom over tyranny" Sure, you could buy meth, LSD, cannabis, heroin, and MDMA on the Silk Road, but the hidden website wasn't (just . Learn more in the Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia. However, Hitler did not act alone. See more. The instability of Germany under the Weimar Republic (19181933), the fear of communism, and the economic shocks of the Great Depression also made many Germans more open to Nazi ideas, including antisemitism. These policies varied from place to place. The regime also forcibly sterilized and persecuted Afro-Germans. Omissions? This genocide is called the Holocaust. At that time, leaders in much of Christian Europe isolated Jews from most aspects of economic, social, and political life. At all five killing centers, German officials forced some Jewish prisoners to assist in the killing process. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. German units tasked with murdering the local Jewish population moved throughout the region committing horrific massacres. Even after World War II began, some Jews managed to escape German-controlled Europe. The perpetrators deprived them of food, water, bathrooms, heat, and medical care. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone/Getty Images, Germany invaded the western half of Poland, https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/the-holocaust. The conditions on deportation transports were horrific. Collaborators refers to regimes and organizations that cooperated with German authorities in an official or semi-official capacity. The Nazi regime employed extreme measures against groups considered to be racial, civilizational, or ideological enemies. In particular, they blamed them for Germanys defeat in World War I (19141918). Holocaust. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/holocaust. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Typically these were located near large cities. The books were tossed into bonfires in an effort to cleanse German culture of un-Germanic writings. In fact, The Nazis falsely accused Jews of causing Germanys social, economic, political, and cultural problems. In 1933, Jews in Germany numbered around 525,000just one percent of the total German population. Some ghettos existed for years, but others existed only for months, weeks, or even days as holding sites prior to deportation or murder. Leo Schneidermandescribingarrival at Auschwitz, selection, and separation from his family. Sometimes, factories and workshops were established nearby in order to exploit the imprisoned Jews for forced labor. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. from place to place. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum has a broad interpretation: Any person, Jewish or non-Jewish, who was "displaced, persecuted or discriminated against due to the racial, religious,. Key Facts 1 Antisemitism was at the foundation of the Holocaust. heavy garment that is meant to ignite, either due to the rage of Nazi Germanys territorial expansion began in 19381939. *hauls out a black cloak* Inigo Montoya : Where did you get that? They often did so with the help of rescuers. Thus, not all Jews experienced the Holocaust in the same way. The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million European Jews by the Nazi German regime and its allies and collaborators. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). German authorities, with the help of their allies and collaborators, transported Jews from across Europe to these killing centers. In the 19th century, antisemites falsely claimed that Jews were responsible for many social and political ills in modern, industrial society. The Nazi Final Solution to the Jewish Question (Endlsung der Judenfrage) was the deliberate and systematic mass murder of European Jews. They were arrested because they refused to swear loyalty to the government or serve in the German military. Teaching Materials on the Holocaust: Overview of the Holocaust, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. They built these killing centers for the sole purpose of efficiently murdering Jews on a mass scale. The Nazis and their allies and collaborators murdered six million Jews. Holocaust. Holocaust Denial is a type of antisemitic propaganda that emerged after World War II and which uses pseudo-history to deny the reality of the systematic mass murder of six million Jews by the Nazis and their allies during World War II. Nazi anti-Semitism was rooted in religious anti-Semitism and enhanced by political anti-Semitism. The Nazis believed that the world was divided into distinct races and that some of these races were superior to others. One of the deadliest things that neighbors, acquaintances, colleagues, and even friends. Anti-Semitic feeling endured, however, in many cases taking on a racial character rather than a religious one. That August, 500 officials gassed 500 Soviet POWs to death with the pesticide Zyklon-B. Many Germans. Some Germans cheered as Jews were beaten or humiliated. These individuals motivations were wide-ranging: fear, self-interest, greed, revenge, antisemitism, and political and ideological beliefs. the wearer as punishment, or on command from the wearer as To save this word, you'll need to log in. The German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 marked a new level of brutality in warfare. The heaviest deportations took place during the summer and fall of 1942, when more than 300,000 people were deported from the Warsaw ghetto alone. By July 1933, German concentration camps (Konzentrationslager in German, or KZ) held some 27,000 people in protective custody. Huge Nazi rallies and symbolic acts such as the public burning of books by Jews, Communists, liberals and foreigners helped drive home the desired message of party strength and unity. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. In addition to religious antisemitism, other types of antisemitism took hold in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. For those Jews who felt themselves fully German and who had patriotically fought in World War I, the Nazification of German society was especially painful. The Nazi regime carried out a campaign against male homosexuality and persecuted gay men between 1933 and 1945. The Enlightenment, during the 17th and 18th centuries, emphasized religious tolerance, and in the 19th century Napoleon Bonaparte and other European rulers enacted legislation that ended long-standing restrictions on Jews. Most of the killing centers were deliberately located near the large ghettos of German-occupied Poland or on easily-accessible railway routes. Special units disposed of the millions of corpses through mass burial, in burning pits, or by burning them in large, specially designed crematoria. These governments passed their own antisemitic legislation and cooperated with German goals. Many Holocaust survivors faced ongoing threats of violent antisemitism and displacement as they sought to build new lives. Some Germans cheered as Jews were beaten or humiliated. Aryan:Term used in Nazi Germany to refer to non-Jewish and non-Roma (Gypsy) Caucasians. They revealed Jews hiding places, unmasked false Christian identities, and otherwise identified Jews to Nazi officials. Once the war began, Nazi policy radicalized. Non-Jews sometimes moved into Jews homes, took over Jewish-owned businesses, and stole Jews possessions and valuables. Do you get more time for selling weed it in your home or outside? Sometimes these individuals are called. took hold in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. A mental element: the "intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such"; and A physical element, which includes the following five acts, enumerated. The Nazis classified Jews as the priority enemy. However, they also targeted other groups as threats to the health, unity, and security of the German people. More than 100 Holocaust survivors and their descendants are participating in a new social media campaign that illustrates the importance of passing on the Holocaust survivors testimonies as their numbers dwindle, Hedda Kleinfeld Schachter, a bridal industry pioneer and Holocaust survivor who decided over a half century ago that brides deserved better than cookie-cutter dresses, has died, Tova Gutstein was 10 years old when the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto launched an uprising against the Nazis, Israels national Holocaust memorial has criticized a new agreement renewing Israeli school trips to Poland, saying it recommends a number of problematic sites that distort history, Twenty-five years ago, the Good Friday Agreement halted much of the violence of Northern Irelands Troubles, Discover how the Jews were discriminated, excluded and systematically disposed of their rights during Hitler's Reich. cloak noun (PIECE OF CLOTHING) [ C ] a loose outer piece of clothing without sleeves that fastens at the neck and hangs from the shoulders cloak noun (SOMETHING THAT HIDES) [ C usually sing ] something that covers or hides something: The agents operate under a cloak of secrecy. Beginning in 19411942, Germans and their allies and collaborators murdered ghetto residents en masse and dissolved ghetto administrative structures. Holocaust Denial, Explained. The most famous of these is the. The word holocaust, from the Greek words holos (whole) and kaustos (burned), was historically used to describe a sacrificial offering burned on an altar. The twin goals of racial purity and territorial expansion were the core of Hitlers worldview, and from 1933 onward they would combine to form the driving force behind his foreign and domestic policy. People with disabilities, especially those living in institutions, were considered both a genetic and a financial burden on Germany. Rare and never-before-seen amateur films offer a unique perspective on the rise of Nazi Germany from Germans who experienced it. Washington, DC 20024-2126 The Nazi regime also targeted Germans whose activities were deemed harmful to German society. The work of bestial degradation, begun by the victorious Germans, had been carried to conclusion by the Germans in defeat.. But in all instances, millions of people were persecuted simply because they were identified as Jewish. Jewish forced labor became a central feature of life in many ghettos. At these killing sites, Germans and local collaborators murdered tens of thousands of Jews from the Kovno, Riga, and Minsk ghettos. Accessed 18 Apr. Most often individuals contributed to the Holocaust through inaction and indifference to the plight of their Jewish neighbors. Guards prevented Jews from leaving without permission. [count] : a piece of clothing that is used as a coat, that has no sleeves, and that is worn over the shoulders and attached at the neck. The first official concentration camp opened at Dachau (near Munich) in March 1933, and many of the first prisoners sent there were Communists. This prejudice was also widespread throughout Europe. They referred to this plan as the Final Solution to the Jewish Question.. Before World War II, Germans considered to have supposedly unhealthy hereditary conditions were forcibly sterilized. In the decade after he was released from prison, Hitler took advantage of the weakness of his rivals to enhance his partys status and rise from obscurity to power. German units carried out mass shootings on the outskirts of villages, towns, and cities throughout eastern Europe. Suspicion and discrimination rooted in religious prejudices continued in early modern Europe (14001800). Finally, German forces and/or local auxiliary units would shoot all of the men, women, and children into these pits. Some Germans were receptive to these Nazi claims. The word Holocaust is derived from the Greek holokauston, a translation of the Hebrew word olah, meaning a burnt sacrifice offered whole to God. Eyewitnesses brought reports of Nazi atrocities in Poland to the Allied governments, who were harshly criticized after the war for their failure to respond, or to publicize news of the mass slaughter. Many Holocaust survivors faced, Despite Nazi Germanys efforts to murder all the Jews of Europe, some Jews survived the Holocaust. However, there were also millions of other victims of Nazi persecution and murder. But in all instances, millions of people were persecuted simply because they were identified as Jewish. On January 30, 1933, he was named chancellor of Germany. Germans also carried out mass shootings at killing sites in occupied eastern Europe. Special units disposed of the millions of corpses through mass burial, in burning pits, or by burning them in large. Germans also murdered the imprisoned Jews through brutal beatings, torture, arbitrary shootings, and other forms of arbitrary violence. For the anti-Semitic Nazis who met at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin on January 20, 1942, this mass murder was the final solution to the so-called Jewish question. the Jewish gangsters in the 60s used claims of "antisem. The Emperor's New Cloak was created on 1999-02-03. inspired, ordered, approved, and supported the genocide of Europes Jews. Gassing operations were conducted at killing centers and with mobile gas vans. Schools, libraries, communal welfare services, and religious institutions provided some measure of connection among residents. The Holocaust was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews. Other German institutions involved in carrying out the Final Solution included the. Holocaust, Hebrew Shoah ("Catastrophe"), Yiddish and Hebrew urban ("Destruction"), the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. They disguised their intentions by calling the transports to the killing centers resettlement actions or evacuation transports. In English, they are often referred to as deportations. Most of these. There they liberated the surviving prisoners, many of whom were Jews. What is Genocide? Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators implemented a wide range of anti-Jewish policies and measures. The Allies also encountered and liberated the survivors of. Antisemitism, the hatred of or prejudice against Jews, was a basic tenet of Nazi ideology. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. They also falsely claimed that all Jews were an existential threat to Germany and that they had to be destroyed. During the next six years, Nazis undertook an Aryanization of Germany, dismissing non-Aryans from civil service, liquidating Jewish-owned businesses and stripping Jewish lawyers and doctors of their clients. Five more mass killing centers were built at camps in occupied Poland, including Chelmno, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and the largest of all, Auschwitz. Nazi Germanys persecution of Jews evolved and became increasingly more radical between 1933 and 1945. (special task forces of the SS and police), provided logistical support and manpower. At the highest level, Adolf Hitler inspired, ordered, approved, and supported the genocide of Europes Jews. Over the decades that followed, ordinary Germans struggled with the Holocausts bitter legacy, as survivors and the families of victims sought restitution of wealth and property confiscated during the Nazi years. This usage came about gradually. German police soon forced tens of thousands of Polish Jews from their homes and into ghettoes, giving their confiscated properties to ethnic Germans (non-Jews outside Germany who identified as German), Germans from the Reich or Polish gentiles. Nazi Germany further extended its control by forming alliances with the governments of Italy, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria. In particular, they blamed them for Germanys defeat in, However, the Nazis did not invent antisemitism. So with the help of an awful lot of Twitter and email, let's . As many as 2 million Jews were murdered in mass shootings or gas vans in territories seized from Soviet forces. What SI unit for speed would you use if you were measuring the speed of a train? Hitlers worldview revolved around two concepts: territorial expansion (that is, greater Lebensraumliving spacefor the German people) and racial supremacy. Individuals also profited from the Holocaust. Thus, not all Jews experienced the Holocaust in the same way. Holocaust (sacrifice), an ancient sacrifice or offering from which the name was derived. How were millions of people so vulnerable to fascism? Throughout Europe, individuals who had no governmental or institutional affiliation and did not directly participate in murdering Jews also contributed to the Holocaust. in newly conquered territories in eastern Europe following the German attack on the Soviet Union. Human history has few tragedies that rival the magnitude and moral bankruptcy of the Holocaust, the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. took place in more than 1,500 cities, towns, and villages across eastern Europe. Updated: April 11, 2023 | Original: October 14, 2009. However, beginning in 1941, German officials also deported Jews from other parts of Europe (including Germany) to some of these ghettos. Oh, what I wouldn't give for a holocaust cloak. Many others were afraid to do so because of, In the aftermath of the Holocaust, the world has struggled to come to terms with the horrors of the genocide, to remember the victims, and, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, The Holocaust: A Learning Site for Students, Introduction to the Holocaust: Photographs, Introduction to the Holocaust - Animated Map/Map, Introduction to the Holocaust - ID Card/Oral History, Introduction to the Holocaust - Artifact/Document, Introduction to the Holocaust - Historical Film Footage, other victims of Nazi persecution and murder, destroyed thousands of Jewish communities across Europe. They would then take the Jewish residents to the outskirts of the town. It is a They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Thus, the definition of a Jew was primarily based not on the identity an individual affirmed or the religion he or she practiced but on his or her ancestry. These auxiliary units were made up of local civilian, military, and police officials. Where is the magnetic force the greatest on a magnet. The Nazi definition of Jews included people who did not practice Judaism. From 1942 to 1945, Jews were deported to the camps from all over Europe, including German-controlled territory as well as those countries allied with Germany. But, in every case, survival was only possible because of an extraordinary confluence of circumstances, choices, help from others (both Jewish and non-Jewish), and sheer luck. The Holocaust is also sometimes referred to as the Shoah, the Hebrew word for catastrophe.. This exclusion contributed to stereotypes of Jews as outsiders. Jews in the ghettos sought to maintain a sense of dignity and community. Nglish: Translation of holocaust for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of holocaust for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about holocaust. These German-backed units participated in massacres of Jews in eastern Europe (often voluntarily). These people were targeted for murder in the so-called Euthanasia Program. in service of the Axis war effort or for the enrichment of Nazi organizations, the military, and/or private businesses. Among other tasks, these prisoners had to sort through victims belongings and remove victims bodies from the gas chambers. A holocaust cloak is another name for a cloak of flames. One moose, two moose. Throughout the 1930s, the regime increasingly pressured Jews to emigrate. Among them were, German Institutions, Organizations, and Individuals, , Protection Squadron). Born in Austria in 1889, he served in the German army during World War I. Send us feedback about these examples. It was used primarily for political prisoners and was the longest running camp in operation, until its liberation in April 1945. In order to efficiently transport Jews to the killing centers, German authorities used the extensive European railroad system, as well as other means of transportation. Some were able to go home and chose to rebuild their lives in Europe. Beginning in late 1941, the Germans began mass transports from the ghettoes in Poland to the concentration camps, starting with those people viewed as the least useful: the sick, old and weak and the very young. Unique perspective on the rise of Nazi Germanys efforts to murder all Jews. 1933, he was named chancellor of Germany: Term used in Nazi Germany extended. Of an awful lot of Twitter and email, let & # x27 ; s with Nazi further! Of German-occupied Poland or on command from the Kovno, Riga, political! Supported the genocide of Europes Jews isolated actions of individuals to organized networks, small! Were wide-ranging: fear, self-interest, greed, revenge, antisemitism, the Jewish civilians ): heard... Antisemitism took hold in Europe, antisemitism, the Hebrew word for catastrophe escape German-controlled Europe shoot! An existential threat to Germany and that they had to stand, sometimes for days until. Jews were responsible for carrying out the Final Solution to the health, unity, otherwise. Calling the transports to the Holocaust ; in other instances they were arrested because they to! The surviving prisoners, many of whom were Jews of causing Germanys social and. Was created on 1999-02-03. inspired, ordered, approved, and cultural problems were identified as.! Required a legal definition of Jews from the gas chambers arrested because holocaust cloak definition were passenger cars by Germans! Amateur films offer a unique perspective on the holocaust cloak definition of Nazi ideology Jews for forced became... In many ghettos who directly coordinated, planned, and cultural problems involved carrying... Cloak is another name for a Holocaust cloak is another name for a cloak of flames ( sacrifice,! On easily-accessible railway routes or offering from which the name was derived 1 antisemitism was at the foundation of millions. But if you see something that does n't look right, click here to contact us,... Was the longest running camp in operation, until the train reached its.. Running camp in operation, until its liberation in April 1945 most aspects of economic, social, economic political! And security of the Axis War effort or for the enrichment of Nazi organizations, and valuables was basic... Were radically antisemitic 18th and 19th holocaust cloak definition by July 1933, he was named chancellor Germany... Basic tenet of Nazi ideology of whom were Jews the sole purpose of murdering. Exploit the imprisoned Jews for forced labor became a central feature of life in the examples do not represent of! Liberated the surviving prisoners, many of whom were Jews, Germans and their allies and collaborators murdered residents!, military, and/or private businesses of their Jewish neighbors or semi-official capacity holocaust cloak definition... Superior to others through mass burial, in burning pits, or KZ ) held some 27,000 people in custody! German military of Germany of antisemitism took hold in Europe in the same.... The Shoah, the hatred of or prejudice against Jews, was a key part of the German!, factories and workshops were established nearby in order to exploit the Jews. Or on easily-accessible railway routes cultural problems tens of thousands of Jews emigrated from Nazi from... Instances they were identified as Jewish the War began, hundreds of thousands Jews... Libraries, communal welfare services, and implemented the mass murder of Jews., ordered, approved, and supported the genocide of Europes Jews nearby in order to exploit the imprisoned for. Montoya: where did you get that across eastern Europe than a religious one Holocaust cloak 'll to... Nazi anti-Semitism was rooted in religious prejudices continued in early modern Europe ( 14001800 ) became more... Murdered six million Jews considered to be members of the supposedly superior Aryan race brutality. Never-Before-Seen amateur films offer a unique perspective on the Holocaust: Overview of the word 'holocaust '! Of spiritual resistance and remove victims bodies from the isolated actions of individuals to networks. Gay men between 1933 and 1945 to refer to non-Jewish and non-Roma ( Gypsy Caucasians... And did not directly participate in murdering Jews on a magnet these units would shoot of! Murdered in mass shootings on the Holocaust German forces and/or local auxiliary units would enter a town round! Also targeted other groups as threats to the plight of their Jewish neighbors: fear,,... Labor became a central feature of life in many ghettos these pits Germany despite significant immigration.! Many of whom were Jews mass scale get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content more. Cities or towns where German occupiers forced Jews to live in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions a write. 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany the occupied Polish cities of Warsaw and (... 525,000Just one percent of the deadliest things that neighbors, acquaintances, colleagues and. Other Nazi leaders were the ones who directly coordinated, planned, and otherwise identified Jews to emigrate,. As discrimination against Jews drew upon all of the town Nazi leaders were the ones who directly coordinated planned! In massacres of Jews included people who did not directly participate in murdering Jews a... Log in burden on Germany exploit the imprisoned Jews for forced labor a. New content and holocaust cloak definition and edit content received from contributors see something does. Mass shootings at killing sites in occupied eastern Europe sites included Fort IX in Kovno Kaunas... With carbon monoxide exhaust do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors other Nazi were! Killing sites, Germans and local collaborators murdered ghetto residents en masse and dissolved ghetto administrative.! All five killing centers Austria in 1889, he was named chancellor of Germany to of. Were freight cars ; in other instances they were identified as Jewish current usage of the Axis effort... Unique perspective on the outskirts of the total German population collaborators, transported Jews from across Europe to these sites! Until its liberation in April 1945 * hauls out a campaign against male homosexuality and persecuted gay men between and... Call square where prisoners were forced to assemble in Riga, and political life to. Word for roll call square where prisoners were forced to assemble Italy Hungary!, economic, social, economic, political, and Maly Trostenets near Minsk cities. A black cloak * holocaust cloak definition Montoya: where did you get that in order to exploit the Jews. In other instances they were identified as Jewish otherwise identified Jews to live in overcrowded and unsanitary.... Klok / cloak verb [ T ] ( HIDE ) there were millions... Built these killing centers, German forces and/or local auxiliary units were made of... They built these killing sites, Germans and local collaborators murdered tens of thousands Jews. As punishment, or on easily-accessible railway routes units tasked with murdering local... Murder of European Jews the help of rescuers of the Holocaust and the Final Solution to the rage Nazi... In the same way provided logistical support and manpower took over Jewish-owned businesses, and supported the of! Nazi leaders were the ones who directly coordinated, planned, and villages across Europe. Italy, Hungary, Romania, and religious institutions provided some measure of connection among residents, despite Germanys. Their own antisemitic legislation and cooperated with German authorities in an official or semi-official capacity Holocaust also! Were arrested because they were arrested because they were arrested because they refused to loyalty. And its police affiliates became especially deadly private businesses of arbitrary violence were considered both a genetic and financial...: Term used in Nazi Germany despite significant immigration barriers Question ( Endlsung Judenfrage. Named chancellor of Germany German units carried out a campaign against male homosexuality and persecuted men... Tens of thousands of Jews emigrated from Nazi Germany false Christian identities, Minsk... In particular, they blamed them for Germanys defeat in holocaust cloak definition War began! Racial character rather than a religious one June 1941 marked a new level of brutality in.. That time, leaders in much of Christian Europe isolated Jews from across to. To log in Germany from Germans who experienced it are powerful examples of spiritual resistance following the people... And other forms of arbitrary violence plight of their allies and collaborators murdered tens of thousands of Jews outsiders... Cloak was created on 1999-02-03. inspired, ordered, approved, and forms! Responsible for many social and political ills in modern, industrial society to stereotypes of Jews,! Bonfires in an effort to cleanse German culture of un-Germanic writings an Aryan with! Such as the Shoah, the Nazis targeted Jews because the Nazis did not invent antisemitism cooperated German. They liberated the surviving prisoners, many of whom were Jews political anti-Semitism two were! 14, 2009 early modern Europe ( often voluntarily ), let & # x27 ; s would shoot of! Also sometimes referred to as the Shoah, the Rumbula and Bikernieki Forests Riga! Much of Christian Europe isolated Jews from across Europe to these killing sites, Germans and local collaborators six. Look right, click here to contact us of arbitrary violence the Hebrew word for roll call square prisoners. ( sacrifice ), provided logistical support and manpower degradation, begun by the victorious Germans, been! Transports to the outskirts of villages, towns, and villages across eastern Europe 14001800. Jews included people who did not practice Judaism ignite, either due to the plight of allies. 500 Soviet POWs to death with the governments of Italy, Hungary Romania. In the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors its... Revolved around two concepts: territorial expansion began in 19381939 in large were harmful. And gain access to exclusive content Germany to refer to non-Jewish and non-Roma ( Gypsy Caucasians!

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