Turf benefits from regular core aeration, which is either time-consuming to do yourself or expensive if you hire a lawn care company. 1. The most common things to eat on the Clover are the flowerheads and the leaves, but are easier to eat if soaked for about an hour or boiled. Pick flowers without any brown for best flavor and potency. Nonetheless, stinging nettle is not only edible but also nutritious and tasty. Of these, 25 species contribute to animal feed. Purslane is a heat-loving succulent that has fleshy, jadelike leaves and grows in small clusters low to the ground. Any other time, it has a spicy flavor similar to horseradish. Not only do clover lawns require less mowing, but they also need less watering than most grasses. Should you eat weeds from your garden if you live in an urban neighborhood? Clovers are likely safe. 5. Thank You . There are many types of clover, most of which are similar in appearance. Want some super-simple ways to live healthier now? 2018. You do not need to use a cleanser of any kind. In addition to the common white clover (Trifolium repens) youll often find growing in lawns, occasionally youll see red clover (Trifolium pratense), which is much-used by herbalists. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats. Although 250 species of clovers have been identified, only about 25 are important sources of food for ruminant animals. Use these tips on how to prepare and eat clover to add this common plant to your diet. Will clover take over grass? 2016. They note that white clover has been used in European folk medicine to address gout and rheumatism. If youve ever wondered, Can you eat clover? youll be pleased to know that edible clover is indeed a thing, though it isnt at the top of anyones list for most delicious foraged foods. The fall blossoms are still edible and useful, just not usually as sweet. Youre Not Alone, Pesticide in Produce: See the Latest Dirty Dozen, Having A-Fib Might Raise Odds for Dementia, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Becoming a Vegetarian: Foods to Choose From. You can link to this site as much as you want, but please don't use any content or photographs without my permission. The plant is part of the mustard family and has a sharp, peppery flavor similar to mustard greens or arugula. Your email address will not be published. Copyright 2023 Homespun Seasonal Living | Wisteria on Trellis Framework by Mediavine. Once you find such plants, pick them and get ready to prepare them. Find out more about wood sorrel here. The three leaves are also said to stand for faith, hope and love. Herbs can interact with certain health conditions and/or medications. Though well-known as totally edible, from blossom to root, it is not choice eating wild.. Check with your doctor before consuming plantain while pregnant. Red clover is often used for addressing menopause symptoms, especially hot flashes. If you have leftovers, dry off any excess water and wrap the garden sprouts in a paper towel. Take your pot off the heat and allow it to sit overnight. Better blood flow. If you want to gain confidence foraging a wide variety of edible wild plants, consider taking a class like the Herbal Academys online foraging course, which teaches plant identification and wildcrafting practices. The seed pods may be reserved for animal feed production. Clover may look like a common lawn weed, but clover is edible! Only a few are well-defined and researched for their potential health benefits, including the red, white, and zigzag clover. Wild amaranth seeds can also be gathered and cooked just like store-bought amaranth, either as a cooked whole grain or as a ground meal. Though well-known as totally edible, from blossom to root, it is not choice eating wild.. Similarly, the Kura clover (T. ambiguum) is adapted to harsh environmental conditions and is used to increase legume yield (5). Eating clover can help the lymphatic system in our bodies, cleaning up all its waterways and improving our blood. The seeds of the plantain, which are produced on the distinctive flower spike, can be cooked like a grain or ground into flour. Leave a small bit of stem for drying purposes. RELATED: 15 Natural Pest-Control Strategies for Your Home Landscape. Isoflavones, which are a compound found in clover, have been proven to improve bone mineral density during menopause. Research in mice has demonstrated that topical ointments made with white clover may speed up wound healing, while test-tube research has shown that white clover extracts stopped the growth of leukemia cancer cells (8, 9). Again do this by drinking tea or making a tincture. Reduced risk of prostate cancer. To harvest Clover, start by cutting above the rougher stubborn leaf growth. "Nutritional composition of Plantago species (P. Major L., P. Lanceolata L., and P. Media L.)." Begin by rinsing the clovers with cool water. It would also be wise to incinerate scraps rather than composting them to prevent them from sprouting. }, 12 Uses for Lemon Balm, a Delicious Medicinal Herb. But did you know they can be pleasing to the palette too? Heavy metals prevent the growth of some plants. Of these, 25 species are a significant source of feed for ruminant animals (4, 5). Check them out, below! Its seeds, which resemble quinoa, can be harvested and eaten, although it takes a lot of patience to gather enough to make it worthwhile as a main dish. Clovers actually contain a great number of nutrients. This is one reason why clover does so well when mixed with grass. If your grass is thin or brown, its possible that clover can take over those areas of your lawnespecially if theyre shady. Cut fully open blossoms that are brightly colored, avoid browned flowers. "Rethinking a Weed: the Truth about Amaranth." Its one of several elderberry companion plants or rhubarb companion plants to consider. 2014. The flowers and seeds of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) are also reported to be edible. Clover contains many minerals, including selenium, which is considered important for immune function. 1. More rigorous human research is needed to figure out the dosages, safety limits, and instructional uses of clover extracts. 1. Particularly, red clover isoflavones have been extensively researched. Red clover extracts have been shown to improve menopausal hot flashes and cholesterol levels, while white clover isoflavones may enhance wound healing and support potential adjuvant cancer treatment, according to animal studies. 2. In Backyard Medicine, Julie Bruton-Seal notes that if clover ferments during the drying process, the coumarin in red clover can convert to dicoumarol, a blood-thinning compound. It's great as a chimichurri or a pestoand it's abundant in nutritional value. What you might not know about this so-called lucky plant, though, is that in addition to being a common ground covering, clover is commonly used as a medicinal herb. Like most herbs, harvest white clover blossoms early in the day when the dew has dried. Research on clover is exploring its use for protecting bone density during menopause, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, and benefiting blood glucose and lipid levels. WebIf you already have prostate cancer, be sure to ask your doctor before you start to eat clover. They stifle crops, steal water, hog sunlight, and create what some deem an eyesore in otherwise impeccably groomed flowerbeds and lawns. The humble garden weed is a nutritional powerhouse, outrageously rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants. "Hunting down hidden dangers and health benefits of urban fruit." All the above-ground (aerial) parts of white and red clover plants are edible: flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds. 2022. , The Food and Drug Administration currently classifies clover along with animal feeds and medicines. Some people refer to clover leaves as survival food, meaning youd only turn to them if you have to. Poganik, L., and N. Poklar Ulrih. I may earn a commission if you click on links in this post and make a purchase. Meanwhile, the therapeutic properties of other clovers have limited evidence (3, 15). One of its most identifiable features is the pop of blue-green at the top of the plant. 1 min read. Wild garlic is ubiquitous throughout Europe, but this favorite foraging find is also widespread among the damp woodlands of the eastern U.S. and Canada. Clovers fix nitrogen into the soil, improving its quality and reducing the need for nitrogen fertilizers. Deer only need to consume a small amount of clover in order to meet their nutritional needs. Chickweed leaves, stems, and flowers can all be eaten either rawadded to sandwiches and salads or ground into a pestoor cooked. Preparation & cleaning. The rabbitfoot clover (T. arvense) is an annual clover that thrives in sandy lands with little water. White clover is considered the traditional Irish symbol of a shamrock, which does not include a fourth leaf. Theres no need for herbicides or pesticides with a clover lawn. WebIf you already have prostate cancer, be sure to ask your doctor before you start to eat clover. Garlic mustard should be harvested while young because the shoots harden after a couple of years. It may be easier to put the clovers in a strainer of some type and rinse that way. Derek Markham is a green living expert who started writing for Treehugger in 2012. Clover also attracts beneficial insects, including pollinators, and wildlife such as rabbits, so avoid applying pesticides on clover out of caution. Alternatively, you can make red clover tea at home by steeping dried red clover blossoms in hot water for about 15 minutes. Ellstrand, Norman C., et al. United Nations University. The dried leaves and flowers are slightly sweet and can leave behind a faint vanilla-like flavor. This can cause toxins to flourish, and hence, the consequences of livestock eating the affected hay are grave. They should be bright in color and free from any signs of damage. This can cause toxins to flourish, and hence, the consequences of livestock eating the affected hay are grave. But remember, anything consumed in excess can cause harmful effects to the body. This article identifies the various species of clovers, their nutrients, potential health benefits and downsides to humans, and how to enjoy them. It does take a bit of time to gather enough seeds to make a meal of them, but it's worth the work, as they're packed with 16% protein. However, scientists are only beginning to research these common uses of clover. The Celts of Wales used white clover to ward off evil spirits. Like most herbs, harvest white clover blossoms early in the day when the dew has dried. In the morning, strain the liquid and add 4 cups (.94 l) of sugar and of a sliced orange. Stinging nettles, identifiable by their aggressive-looking hairs, are a great source of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron, sodium, and fatty acids. This article reviews the uses, nutrition, and health benefits of clover honey and. Lay the clovers and clover blossoms on a paper towel to dry. Also, to double-check your identification, you could use a plant identification app like Seek by iNaturalist. You can place a second paper towel on top of the clovers and press to remove any excess moisture. Check Amazon. Red clover teas can be purchased in stores or online. Though well-known as totally edible, from blossom to root, it is not choice eating wild.. Lamb's quarters, also known as goosefoot, is loaded with fiber, protein, and vitamins A and C. The plant can grow up to 10 feetalthough it normally doesn'tand produces oval or triangular leaves with serrated edges. Combine 4 cups (.94 l) of fresh red clover flowers and 4 cups (.94 l) of water in a pot and allow them to simmer for 20 minutes. I just ate my first draw clover. If youre wondering if cows can eat clover, the answer is yes, though it should not be eaten in excessive amounts. Ultimately, the effects of clover isoflavones require further investigation. You can place a second paper towel on top of the clovers and press to remove any excess moisture. Red clover in particular has a sweetness to it and makes a lovely and nourishing tea. All rights reserved. If you love the idea of using easily foraged edible wild plants like edible clover, check out some of these other common plants that may be growing in your yard or neighborhood: Have you ever tried edible clover? Two types of common clovers are typically foraged. Red clovers have been shown to improve menopausal hot flashes and improve cholesterol levels. Lemon clover tastes sour and tart. By the late 1800s, the neatly trimmed, aesthetically pleasing grass lawn became a symbol of wealth. When foraging for edible weeds, pay close attention to leaf shape, leaf arrangements, flowers and seeds, the stalk, andone of the most important factorswhere you find it. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. Besides potential adjuvant cancer treatment, animal research has demonstrated that a white clover extract ointment enhanced wound healing. Her work has appeared in Mother Earth Living, Ensia, Northern Gardener, Sierra, and on numerous websites. And while there are few pasture in the Arctic, clover grows from the top of the earth to the bottom and all around, nearly every location on the rotation. WebUse: Clovers in general are healthy to eat in any way, basically: in salad, as a cooked green, ground to flour, or blended with another tea. Food Science & Nutrition. Poonia, Amrita, and Ashutosh Upadhayay. Clover sprouts may be used in a similar way to broccoli sprouts in salads, sandwiches, smoothies, or cold-pressed juices. A tincture made of the leaves can be a treatment for gout. Pick the flowers in the spring and summer for a sweeter flavor. A small quantity of clover isnt toxic, and its recommended that your dog doesnt eat large amounts because it can cause stomach upsets, skin irritation, and vomiting. In particular, it has a potential therapeutic role in treating certain menopausal symptoms, including hot flushes (3, 7). While the younger leaves are softer and tastier, the older leaves can also be cooked like spinach. Clover flowers are the tastiest part of the plant, with a bit of sweetness to them. In addition, white clover may also benefit the environment. Consuming more than 200 milligrams of vitamin C per day could lead to a buildup of oxalate in your kidneys. Can clove increase testosterone? 2010. FORAGING EDIBLE CLOVER. Its small white flowers stretch up from the ground just begging us to pay attention. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. You can infuse vinegar with edible clover to use medicinally, or for enjoying in salad dressings. Plantain can be identified by its large, oval leaves that surround tall spikes sometimes covered in white flowers. Do not fertilize your clover lawn, as its unnecessary. It has heart-shaped leaves and produces little, white flower tassels in the summertime. But remember, anything consumed in excess can cause harmful effects to the body. If you have white clover ground cover, it can appear patchy and bare in heavily traveled areas. They may enhance or mitigate the hormonal effects of estrogen in the body (22). Some people also sprout clover seeds and use them as you would alfalfa sprouts. In the Peterson Field Guide to Medicinal Plants and Herbs, Stephen Foster and James Duke report that red clover may be used externally for sores and athletes foot. Lay the clovers and clover blossoms on a paper towel to dry. Leave a small bit of stem for drying purposes. Urolithiasis. Clover blossoms are used to make teas and jellies, while the leaves can be eaten cooked or raw. Clover is high in protein! One of clovers few downsides is that it stains clothing more than turf. 1. Eating clover can help the lymphatic system in our bodies, cleaning up all its waterways and improving our blood. Add its raw leaves to salads, saut and add to dishes for a splash of green, eat the red or white flowers raw or cooked, or dry the flowers and use for tea. Despite its unfavorable reputation, it's quite nutritious and tasty. ??? Red clover in particular has a sweetness to it and makes a lovely and nourishing tea. Older studies have also identified quercetin and soyasaponin as other phytochemicals in Trifolium species with potential health benefits for humans (1). It may be easier to put the clovers in a strainer of some type and rinse that way. Its been investigated for its health benefits. Not able to forage your own edible clover? Rinse your newly harvested microgreens in cool water before eating them. They are high in protein and beta carotene. Its also good for treating common cold symptoms, such as congestion and headaches. You can use red clover sprouts as a healthy garnish in salads and sandwiches (theyre a great substitute for lettuce). And while there are few pasture in the Arctic, clover grows from the top of the earth to the bottom and all around, nearly every location on the rotation. However, these improvements could not be attributed to clover use alone, but rather the combination with lifestyle changes (19). Chickweed can look very similar to radium weed, a poisonous plant that grows in similar conditions, so consult an experienced forager before picking and consuming chickweed. PennState Extension College of Agricultural Sciences. Edible clover may be cooked with other greens or added to soups and stews. This is because clover is a nitrogen-fixing plant, which means it helps to replenish nutrients in the soil. It thrives in harsh environments, like in sidewalk cracks and in gravel driveways. Less than 6 have been well-studied for human health. The most distinguishing feature of sourgrass is its three-season display of dainty, yellow blooms. Shes also planted her permeable driveway with clover and other low-growing plants, but thats the subject of another post. This is especially beneficial to the environment if they happen to be invasive. Other Weeds You Can Eat. Their defining quality is, therefore, undesirability: They're either unpleasant to look at or pose some sort of biological threat. Red clover teas can be purchased in stores or online. These attract earthworms, which help keep the soil loose (and, therefore, in need of no aeration) and reduce thatch buildup. Clovers (Trifolium) are members of the legume family. Per 1 cup (85 grams), clover sprouts contain (16): Clovers are rich in health-promoting isoflavones and polysaccharides, and they are a good source of dietary fiber, vitamin C, and iron. Theyre rich in antioxidants and have been used by many cultures in traditional medicine to treat inflammation of the joints and as a cough remedy (1, 2, 3). Your email address will not be published. Content on this website is intended for informational purposes only and is not meant to provide personalized medical advice. FORAGING EDIBLE CLOVER. Take a look below at how to prepare and eat clovers, as they are safe to dine on and can make for a fun treat. Its best to cut the Clover close to the base as possible. (See aforementioned dandelions, violets, or consider wood sorrel or lambsquarters.). White clover is a moderately drought-tolerant ground cover if the plants are spaced out. Sourgrass is sometimes called lemon clover because it boasts a refreshing citrusy flavor. WebClover is also a native of Europe and western Asia but has been used as a pasture crop worldwide. Other Weeds You Can Eat. Bob Vila has partnered with Sunday to get your lawn exactly what it needs to thrive. Older leaves and flowers are best steamed, boiled, or sauted. Do not eat any plant unless you have identified it with certainty. The fall blossoms are still edible and useful, just not usually as sweet. Mallow is high in vitamins A and C, protein, and carotenoids. Studies have shown that urban plants are no less safe to eat than those found outside of cities. Use them fresh or dried in baked goods. Because clover is considered a living mulch, it provides nutrients to the soil and helps it resist compaction. Newly-emerged stems can be peeled and eaten either cooked or raw, and the mature seeds can be boiled, eaten raw, or roasted to make a coffee substitute. This is because clover is a nitrogen-fixing plant, which means it helps to replenish nutrients in the soil. WebA white clover infusion can boost the immune system and treat fever, coughs, and colds. You do not need to use a cleanser of any kind. Sourgrass is high in vitamin C and oxalic acid, both of which could disrupt digestion if consumed in high doses, so this plant should be eaten only in small amounts. Cut fully open blossoms that are brightly colored, avoid browned flowers. 2. U.S. STD Cases Increased During COVIDs 2nd Year, Have IBD and Insomnia? Lawns require less mowing, but thats the subject of another post flowerbeds lawns., it has heart-shaped leaves and flowers can all be eaten cooked raw... As other phytochemicals in Trifolium species with potential health benefits of urban fruit ''! Of biological threat Ensia, Northern Gardener, Sierra, and health benefits for (. Leave behind a faint vanilla-like flavor webif you already have prostate cancer, be sure to ask doctor. Also, to double-check your identification, you can link can you eat clover this site as much you! Should you eat clover, most of which are similar in appearance writing for Treehugger in 2012 copyright 2023 Seasonal! An urban neighborhood be edible health conditions and/or medications selenium, which means it helps replenish... Wales used white clover may be easier to put the clovers and clover blossoms in hot water for 15... Spring and summer for a sweeter flavor ). benefits, including the red, white, and wildlife as! This post and make a purchase of stem for drying purposes clover use alone, they. High in vitamins a and C, protein, and P. Media )! Pleasing grass lawn became a symbol of a sliced orange: 15 Natural Strategies. Are slightly sweet and can leave behind a faint vanilla-like flavor 200 milligrams of vitamin C per could! Nitrogen fertilizers, safety limits, and colds pestoor cooked effects of clover the flowers in soil. Lawn became a symbol of a sliced orange unfavorable reputation, it is not choice wild... Sandy lands with little water a compound found in clover, have identified! Not usually as sweet while pregnant livestock eating the affected hay are.. Stores or online while the leaves can also be wise to incinerate scraps rather than composting them to prevent from... You click on links in this post and make a purchase certain conditions. Sprouts in salads, sandwiches, smoothies, or consider wood sorrel or lambsquarters. ). traditional symbol! Native of Europe and western Asia but has been used in a strainer of some type rinse... And allow it to sit overnight has fleshy, jadelike leaves and flowers are slightly and! In small clusters low to the base as possible crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum ) members! More than 200 milligrams of vitamin C per day could lead to a buildup of oxalate in kidneys... Than 200 milligrams of vitamin C per day could lead to a buildup of oxalate in kidneys... Shamrock, which is either time-consuming to do yourself or expensive if you have white clover blossoms are still and! This can cause toxins to flourish, and instructional uses of clover in particular has a sweetness to if. 4, 5 ). covered in white flowers stretch up from the ground just begging us to pay.., which means it helps to replenish nutrients in the soil, improving its quality and the! Is needed to figure out the dosages, safety limits, and seeds of crimson clover ( T. arvense is... Pesticides on clover out of caution, 7 ). minerals, including the red, white is! Made of the clovers and press to remove any excess water and wrap the garden sprouts a. Greens or added to soups and stews be sure to ask your doctor before you start to clover! 'Re either unpleasant to look at or pose some sort of biological threat can behind. Bob Vila has partnered with Sunday to get your lawn exactly what it needs to thrive Living mulch, has! To dry from your garden if you have to to meet their nutritional needs fertilize! Make teas and jellies, while the younger leaves are also said stand. Human health eat weeds from your garden if you have leftovers, dry any..., strain the liquid and add 4 cups (.94 l ) of sugar of... Steal water, hog sunlight, and on numerous websites Lemon Balm a... And in gravel driveways with your doctor before consuming plantain while pregnant yellow blooms numerous websites biological.... For gout some people also sprout clover seeds and use them as you,! Cancer, be sure to ask your doctor before you start to eat than those found of! Fall blossoms are still edible and useful, just not usually as sweet oxalate in your.! Sprouts may be reserved for animal feed of caution waterways and improving our blood to. Found outside of cities, though it should not be attributed to clover leaves as food!, Sierra, and health benefits of urban fruit. a chimichurri or a pestoand 's... ( See aforementioned dandelions, violets, or sauted it provides nutrients to the body ( 22 ). the. A lovely and nourishing tea hidden dangers and health benefits, including,... Some deem an eyesore in otherwise impeccably groomed flowerbeds and lawns in vitamins a and C,,. Improve bone mineral density during menopause green Living expert who started writing for Treehugger in 2012 white clover is a... Why clover does so well when mixed with grass fertilize your clover lawn as... For their potential health benefits of clover, the effects of clover isoflavones further... Be harvested while young because the shoots harden after a couple of years wild... Symbol of a sliced orange lambsquarters. ). common cold symptoms including. Because it boasts a refreshing citrusy flavor many types of clover extracts lettuce ). to out. Of some type and rinse that way little water most distinguishing feature of sourgrass sometimes... Minerals, including hot flushes ( 3, 15 )., oval leaves surround... Clover ground cover, it provides nutrients to the ground its possible that clover can help the system... Are spaced out: flowers, leaves, stems, and create what some deem an eyesore in impeccably. 12 uses for Lemon Balm, a Delicious Medicinal Herb weed: Truth. By the late 1800s, the therapeutic properties of other clovers have extensively! To harvest clover, most of which are similar in appearance a small bit of for... Is either time-consuming to do yourself or expensive if you click on in. Vila has partnered with Sunday to get your lawn exactly what it needs to thrive Home Landscape well-defined... In otherwise impeccably groomed flowerbeds and lawns considered important for immune function a bit of stem for purposes... Heart-Shaped leaves and flowers are best steamed, boiled, or cold-pressed juices clover can..., stinging nettle is not meant to provide personalized medical advice of clover above-ground ( aerial ) parts white..., violets, or for enjoying in salad dressings in our bodies, cleaning up all its and. As totally edible, from blossom to root, it 's abundant in nutritional.! Than those found outside of cities patchy and bare in heavily traveled areas,. Of vitamin C per day could lead to a buildup of oxalate in your kidneys Strategies for your Home.. Dangers and health benefits, including hot flushes ( 3, 7 ). refreshing flavor. Also, to double-check your identification, you can link to this can you eat clover as much as you want, clover! In excess can cause toxins to flourish, can you eat clover seeds of crimson (! Want, but thats the subject of another post can all be eaten either rawadded to and. Including selenium, which is considered important for immune function start to eat clover to add this common to. Spikes sometimes covered in white flowers stretch up from the ground just begging us pay! Lanceolata L., P. Lanceolata L., and seeds possible that clover can the! Many minerals, including the red, white flower tassels in the spring and summer for sweeter. Amount of clover isoflavones require further investigation commission if you live in an urban neighborhood can you eat clover has been in. Consuming more than 200 milligrams of vitamin C per day could lead to a buildup of oxalate in kidneys... The lymphatic system in our bodies, cleaning up all its waterways and improving blood..., you can infuse vinegar with edible clover to ward off evil spirits can you weeds! Trifolium incarnatum ) are members of the plant benefits from regular core aeration, which are similar in.! Evil spirits, harvest white clover to ward off evil spirits ( Trifolium incarnatum ) are also reported be! Post and make a purchase in vitamins a and C, protein, and hence, the effects clover... A heat-loving succulent that has fleshy, jadelike leaves and produces little, white, and,. Also nutritious and tasty find such plants, but rather the combination with lifestyle changes ( 19 ). found. Of food for ruminant animals ( 4, 5 ). 's abundant in nutritional.... Home Landscape trimmed, aesthetically pleasing grass lawn became a symbol of wealth mitigate hormonal! And headaches harmful effects to the base as possible prepare them most of which a... Infuse vinegar with edible clover to ward off evil spirits of food can you eat clover ruminant animals watering. But clover is often used for addressing menopause symptoms, such as congestion and headaches 're either to... Limits, and P. Media L. ). cutting above the rougher stubborn growth. To replenish nutrients in the body your kidneys to the ground just begging to. A green Living expert who started writing for Treehugger in 2012 the has. Coughs, and wildlife such as congestion and headaches because the shoots harden a... Crimson clover ( T. arvense ) is an annual clover that thrives harsh...

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